Abstract
Enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, the mechanism by which nanotherapeutics accumulate in tumors, varies in patients based on differences in the tumor and organ microenvironment. Surrogate biomarkers for the EPR effect will aid in selecting patients who will accumulate higher amounts of nanotherapeutics and show better therapeutic efficacy. Our data suggest that the differences in the vascular permeability and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) accumulation are tumor type as well as organ-specific and significantly correlated with the relative ratio of MMP-9 to TIMP-1 in the circulation, supporting development of these molecules as biomarkers for the personalization of nanoparticle-based therapy.
Keywords:
Biomarker; EPR effect; Nanotherapeutics; PLD; Transport oncophysics.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / administration & dosage
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Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / pharmacokinetics
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Biomarkers, Tumor / blood*
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Brain Neoplasms / blood
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Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy
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Brain Neoplasms / metabolism
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Brain Neoplasms / secondary
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Capillary Permeability
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Doxorubicin / administration & dosage
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Doxorubicin / analogs & derivatives*
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Doxorubicin / pharmacokinetics
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Drug Delivery Systems
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Female
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Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / blood
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Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / drug therapy
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Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / metabolism
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / blood
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Mice, Nude
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Nanoparticles / administration & dosage
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Nanoparticles / metabolism
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Neoplasms, Experimental / blood*
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Neoplasms, Experimental / drug therapy*
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Neoplasms, Experimental / metabolism
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Neoplasms, Experimental / pathology
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Polyethylene Glycols / administration & dosage
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Polyethylene Glycols / pharmacokinetics
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Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / blood
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Tumor Microenvironment
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Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Substances
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Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1
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liposomal doxorubicin
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Polyethylene Glycols
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Doxorubicin
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9