Chronic idiopathic anal pain. Results of a diagnostic-therapeutic protocol in a colorectal referral unit

Cir Esp. 2015 Jan;93(1):34-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2013.09.012. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic idiopathic anal pain (CIAP) remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Its study and management still lack a standardized protocol. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results obtained with the diagnostic-therapeutic protocol established in our service.

Material and methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with CIAP at the Colorectal Unit of the General University Hospital of Elche, between 2005 and 2011.

Results: We evaluated 57 patients with a diagnosis of chronic anal pain for functional anorectal disease (FAD). After the application of our diagnostic protocol, final diagnosis of chronic anal pain (CAP) was achieved in 43 cases (75%), including 22 cases of descending perineum syndrome, 12 of proctalgia fugax, 2 of pudendal neuritis and 7 of coccydynia. In 14 patients exclusion diagnosis of CIAP was established. Among the therapies used on patients with CIAP, biofeedback combined with conservative measures improved symptoms in 43% of the cases. Sacral nerve stimulation was assessed in patients who did not respond to other treatments.

Conclusion: Through proper anamnesis, physical examination and complementary tests, a specific diagnosis of the cause of CAP by FAD can be achieved, reducing exclusion diagnosis of CIAP to 25% of cases. Conservative measures combined with biofeedback achieved an improvement in pain in more than 40% of the cases of CIAP in our study. Sacral nerve stimulation can be considered as a treatment option in refractory cases.

Keywords: Biofeedback; Chronic anal pain; Chronic idiopathic anal pain; Criterios Roma III; Dolor anal crónico; Dolor anal crónico idiopático; Functional anorectal disorders; Proctalgia; Rome III Criteria; Trastornos funcionales anorrectales.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Chronic Pain / diagnosis*
  • Chronic Pain / etiology
  • Chronic Pain / therapy*
  • Colonic Diseases / complications
  • Colonic Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Colonic Diseases / therapy*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Rectal Diseases / complications
  • Rectal Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Rectal Diseases / therapy*
  • Referral and Consultation
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Young Adult