Genetic risk factors for major bleeding in patients treated with warfarin in a community setting

Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Jun;95(6):636-43. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2014.26. Epub 2014 Feb 6.

Abstract

The influence of warfarin pharmacogenomics on major bleeding risk has been little studied in long-term users and non-specialist care settings. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate associations between CYP2C9*2/*3, VKORC1(1173), and CYP4F2*3 variants and major bleeding among patients treated with warfarin in a community setting. We calculated major bleeding odds ratios, adjusting for race, duration of warfarin use, age, gender, and body mass index. In 265 cases and 305 controls with 3.4 and 3.7 mean years of warfarin use, respectively, CYP4F2*3 was associated with decreased major bleeding risk (odds ratio: 0.62; 95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.91). CYP2C9*2/*3 and VKORC1(1173) had null associations overall, but there was a nonsignificant increase in major bleeding risk in patients with duration <6 months (odds ratio: 1.30; 95% confidence interval: 0.60-2.83; odds ratio: 1.23; 95% confidence interval: 0.57-2.64, respectively). In summary, in the largest study of warfarin pharmacogenomics and major bleeding to date, we found a 38% lower risk in patients with CYP4F2*3, potentially reflecting interaction with warfarin and dietary vitamin K intake and warranting additional evaluation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Anticoagulants / adverse effects*
  • Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / genetics
  • Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / metabolism
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / genetics
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / metabolism
  • Cytochrome P450 Family 4
  • Diet
  • Drug Interactions
  • Ethnicity
  • Female
  • Genetic Association Studies
  • Hemorrhage / chemically induced*
  • Hemorrhage / epidemiology
  • Hemorrhage / genetics*
  • Humans
  • International Normalized Ratio
  • Male
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Characteristics
  • Warfarin / adverse effects*
  • Washington / epidemiology

Substances

  • Anticoagulants
  • Warfarin
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
  • CYP2C9 protein, human
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9
  • Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases
  • Cytochrome P450 Family 4
  • CYP4F11 protein, human