The therapeutic approach to relapses in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been changed by high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow graft. In the absence of dramatic improvement following the conditioning regimen, such a procedure should be reserved for patients still sensitive to salvage therapy. Up to 40%-50% of these selected cases can expect prolonged disease-free survival. Autologous bone marrow graft in first remission should only be considered in poor prognosis patients in a carefully randomized study. In Hodgkin's disease, relapses and patients in partial remission after MOPP and ABVD treatment are potential candidates for autologous bone marrow graft. Preliminary results indicate a disease-free survival up to 50%.