WARM N COLD: malignant and benign renal tumors in children

Emerg Radiol. 2014 Jun;21(3):261-9. doi: 10.1007/s10140-014-1202-8. Epub 2014 Feb 26.

Abstract

Although Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children, the differential diagnosis is extensive and includes both malignant and benign disorders. We present a simple mnemonic-WARM N COLD, to aid in remembering these diverse tumors. Imaging clues including age of the patient, associated disease or syndrome as well as salient imaging characteristics such as bilaterality, and type or presence of metastasis are also presented and can help differentiate between these renal tumors of childhood.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Diagnostic Imaging*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Kidney Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Kidney Neoplasms / pathology
  • Memory
  • Wilms Tumor / diagnosis
  • Wilms Tumor / pathology