Chromatographic resolution of closely related species: drug metabolites and analogs

J Sep Sci. 2014 May;37(9-10):1094-102. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201400038. Epub 2014 Apr 10.

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the separation of a variety of mixtures of drugs, metabolites, and related analogs including representatives of the carbamazepine, methylated xanthine, steroid hormone, nicotine, and morphine families using several automated chromatographic method development screening systems including ultra high performance liquid chromatography, core-shell HPLC, achiral supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and chiral SFC. Of the 138 column and mobile phase combinations examined for each mixture, a few chromatographic conditions afford the best overall performance, with a single achiral SFC method (4.6 × 250 mm, 3.0 μm GreenSep Ethyl Pyridine, 25 mM isobutylamine in methanol/CO2) affording good separation for all samples. Four of these mixtures were also resolved by achiral SFC on the Luna HILIC and chiral SFC Chiralpak IB columns using methanol or ethanol with 25 mM isobutylamine as polar modifiers. Modifications of standard chromatography screening conditions afforded fast separation methods (from 1 to 5 min) for baseline resolution of all components of each of these challenging sets of closely related compounds.

Keywords: Complex mixtures; High-throughput analysis; Method development; Supercritical fluid chromatography; Ultra high performance liquid chromatography.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Carbamazepine / chemistry
  • Carbamazepine / isolation & purification*
  • Carbamazepine / metabolism
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid
  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones / chemistry
  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones / isolation & purification*
  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones / metabolism
  • Molecular Structure
  • Morphine Derivatives / chemistry
  • Morphine Derivatives / isolation & purification*
  • Morphine Derivatives / metabolism
  • Nicotine / chemistry
  • Nicotine / isolation & purification*
  • Nicotine / metabolism
  • Xanthine / chemistry
  • Xanthine / isolation & purification*
  • Xanthine / metabolism

Substances

  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones
  • Morphine Derivatives
  • Xanthine
  • Carbamazepine
  • Nicotine