Abstract
To treat cognitive disorders in humans, new effective therapies that can be easily delivered systemically are needed. Previous studies showed that a bilateral injection of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) into the dorsal hippocampus of rats or mice enhances fear memories and facilitates fear extinction. Here, we report that, in mice, systemic treatments with IGF-II given before training significantly enhance the retention and persistence of several types of working, short-term and long-term memories, including fear conditioning, object recognition, object placement, social recognition, and spatial reference memory. IGF-II-mediated memory enhancement does not alter memory flexibility or the ability for new learning and also occurs when IGF-II treatment is given in concert with memory retrieval. Thus IGF-II may represent a potentially important and effective treatment for enhancing human cognitive and executive functions.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Brain / drug effects
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Brain / physiology
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Conditioning, Psychological / drug effects
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Conditioning, Psychological / physiology
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Fear / drug effects
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Fear / physiology
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Genes, Immediate-Early / drug effects
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Genes, Immediate-Early / physiology
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / adverse effects
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / pharmacology*
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Learning / drug effects
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Learning / physiology
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Male
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Memory, Long-Term / drug effects*
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Memory, Long-Term / physiology
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Memory, Short-Term / drug effects*
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Memory, Short-Term / physiology
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Nootropic Agents / adverse effects
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Nootropic Agents / pharmacology*
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Receptor, IGF Type 2 / metabolism
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Recognition, Psychology / drug effects
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Recognition, Psychology / physiology
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Recombinant Proteins / adverse effects
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Recombinant Proteins / pharmacology
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Social Perception
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Spatial Memory / drug effects
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Spatial Memory / physiology
Substances
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Nootropic Agents
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Receptor, IGF Type 2
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Recombinant Proteins
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor II