Objective: The active form of vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D3) has been established to have potent anti-proliferative, immuno-modulatory, and anti-microbial action in addition to its effects on bone. The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in the placenta-decidua, regulating genes associated with implantation and implantation immuno-tolerance. If VDR polymorphisms regulate VDR functionality at the placenta-decidua interface, VDR genotypes may be involved in idiopathic preterm birth (PTB).
Study design: Maternal and fetal (umbilical cord) blood samples from 33 Jewish and Arab mothers with PTB of a singleton neonate were compared to 98 samples from Jewish and Arab maternal and fetal blood samples from full-term, uncomplicated singleton births. Maternal age and ethnicity were comparable between groups. PCR amplification/digestion identified the VDR SNPs: FokI, ApaI, TaqI, and BsmI.
Results: Allele frequency for the FokI VDR in maternal blood samples from preterm births (but not umbilical cord samples) was significantly different (p=0.01) from that in maternal and umbilical cord blood samples from full-term singleton births, with an odds ratio for FokI carriers of 3.317 (95% CI, 1.143, 9.627) for preterm birth. The FokI VDR variant may therefore be a maternal risk trait for PTB among these women.
Conclusion: This study may support a future platform for the study of vitamin D during pregnancy and treatment of selective target populations with vitamin D and/or VDR "tissue-specific therapeutic intervention" for prevention of PTB.
Keywords: Placenta-decidua; Preterm birth; VDR polymorphisms; Vitamin D; Vitamin D receptor (VDR).
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