Abstract
The purpose of this national retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome in children with relapsed or primary refractory Hodgkin lymphoma [HL] after a primary chemotherapy alone treatment strategy. Between 2000 and 2005, 80 children with relapsed [n = 69] or primary refractory [n = 11] HL were treated on a standardized treatment protocol of 4-6 cycles of EPIC [etoposide, prednisolone, ifosfamide and cisplatin] chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was recommended to all relapsed sites. High dose therapy with stem cell rescue [SCT] was recommended for patients with poor response. The 5-year overall survival [OS] and progression-free survival from relapse was 75·8% [64·8-83·9] and 59·9% [48·3-69·7] respectively. Duration of first remission was strongly associated with OS; risk of death was decreased by 53% [Hazard ratio (HR): 0·47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·19-1·18] for those with a time from end of treatment to relapse of 3-12 months (compared to <3 months) and reduced by 80% (HR 0·20, 95% CI: 0·04-0·90) for those >12 months after end of treatment. Other poor prognostic factors included advanced stage disease at relapse and B symptoms at first diagnosis. The most important factor associated with salvage failure was time to relapse. Survival outcome in children with primary refractory HL is poor.
Keywords:
Hodgkin lymphoma; children; refractory disease; relapse; survival.
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
MeSH terms
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Adolescent
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / administration & dosage
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use*
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Bleomycin / administration & dosage
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Carmustine / administration & dosage
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Child
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Chlorambucil / administration & dosage
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Cisplatin / administration & dosage
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Cisplatin / adverse effects
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Clinical Trials as Topic
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Combined Modality Therapy
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Cyclophosphamide / administration & dosage
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Cyclophosphamide / adverse effects
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Cytarabine / administration & dosage
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Dacarbazine / administration & dosage
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Dexamethasone / administration & dosage
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Disease-Free Survival
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Doxorubicin / administration & dosage
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Doxorubicin / adverse effects
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Epirubicin / administration & dosage
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Etoposide / administration & dosage
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Etoposide / adverse effects
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Follow-Up Studies
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
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Hodgkin Disease / drug therapy*
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Hodgkin Disease / mortality
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Hodgkin Disease / radiotherapy
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Hodgkin Disease / surgery
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Humans
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Ifosfamide / administration & dosage
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Ifosfamide / adverse effects
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Kaplan-Meier Estimate
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Melphalan / administration & dosage
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Multicenter Studies as Topic
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Neoplasm Staging
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Prednisolone / administration & dosage
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Prednisolone / adverse effects
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Prednisone / administration & dosage
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Procarbazine / administration & dosage
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Prognosis
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Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
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Recurrence
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Remission Induction
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Retrospective Studies
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Salvage Therapy
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Treatment Outcome
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Vinblastine / administration & dosage
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Vincristine / administration & dosage
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Vincristine / adverse effects
Substances
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Cytarabine
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Bleomycin
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Chlorambucil
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Procarbazine
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Epirubicin
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Vincristine
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Vinblastine
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Etoposide
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Dacarbazine
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Dexamethasone
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Doxorubicin
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Cyclophosphamide
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Prednisolone
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Cisplatin
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Melphalan
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Carmustine
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Ifosfamide
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Prednisone
Supplementary concepts
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ABVD protocol
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BEAM regimen
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CHIVPP protocol
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DHAP protocol
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IEV protocol