Stimulant doping agents used in Brazil: prevalence, detectability, analytical implications, and challenges

Subst Use Misuse. 2014 Jul;49(9):1098-114. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2014.907653. Epub 2014 Apr 28.

Abstract

This article presents the prevalence of stimulant doping among Brazilian athletes, the analytical approaches used, as well as a general evolution of the detectability of the stimulants being used. Results from the Brazilian accredited doping control laboratory are compared with the global statistics disclosed by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The high prevalence of stimulant doping in Brazil can be attributed to several reasons, including "self-administration," a "body-shaping" culture, and the use of nutritional supplements.

Keywords: Brazil; chromatography; cocaine; doping control; mass spectrometry; methylhexaneamine; prevalence; recreational drugs; sibutramine; sport; stimulants; “body image” drugs; “over-the-counter” drugs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amphetamines / administration & dosage*
  • Athletes
  • Brazil
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / administration & dosage*
  • Cocaine / administration & dosage*
  • Doping in Sports / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Prevalence
  • Substance Abuse Detection / methods*

Substances

  • Amphetamines
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Cocaine