Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: health implications in an urbanized estuary

Mar Pollut Bull. 2014 Jun 15;83(1):48-57. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.031. Epub 2014 May 10.

Abstract

We measured total selenium and total mercury concentrations ([TSe] and [THg]) in hair (n=138) and blood (n=73) of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from California to assess variation by geography and sex, and inferred feeding relationships based on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes. Harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites had significantly greater [THg], and lesser [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratios than seals from a relatively uncontaminated site. Males had significantly greater [THg] than females at all locations. Sulfur stable isotope values explained approximately 25% of the variability in [THg], indicating increased Hg exposure for seals with a greater use of estuarine prey species. Decreased [TSe] in harbor seals from Hg-contaminated regions may indicate a relative Se deficiency to mitigate the toxic effects of Hg. Further investigation into the Se status and the potential negative impact of Hg on harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites is warranted.

Keywords: Blood; Hair; Marine mammals; San Francisco Bay; Stable isotopes (C, N, S); Trace elements.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • California
  • Estuaries
  • Female
  • Hair / chemistry
  • Male
  • Mercury / blood*
  • Phoca / blood*
  • Selenium / blood*
  • Urbanization
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / blood*

Substances

  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Mercury
  • Selenium