Extensive late gadolinium enhancement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts adverse outcomes and lack of improvement in LV function after steroid therapy in cardiac sarcoidosis

Heart. 2014 Aug;100(15):1165-72. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305187. Epub 2014 May 14.

Abstract

Background: Gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance is an emerging tool for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS); however, the correlations between extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and efficacy of steroid therapy and adverse outcomes in patients with CS remain unclear.

Objective: We aimed to clarify the prognostic impact of extent of LGE in patients with CS.

Methods: Before the start of steroid therapy, 43 consecutive LGE-positive patients with CS were divided into two groups based on the extent of LGE by a median value: small-extent LGE (LGE mass <20% of LV mass; n=21) and large-extent LGE (LGE mass ≥20% of LV mass; n=22). We examined the correlations between extent of LGE and outcomes after steroid therapy.

Results: Among the 6 patients who died from heart disorders, 11 patients who were hospitalised because of heart failure and 6 patients who suffered life-threatening arrhythmia during the follow-up period, large-extent LGE predicted higher incidences of cardiac mortality and hospitalisation for heart failure. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that large-extent LGE was independently associated with combined adverse outcomes including cardiac death, hospitalisation for heart failure, and life-threatening arrhythmias. In the small-extent LGE group, LV end-diastolic volume index significantly decreased and LVEF significantly increased after steroid therapy, whereas in the large-extent LGE group, neither LV volume nor LVEF changed substantially.

Conclusions: Large-extent LGE correlates with absence of LV functional improvement and high incidence of adverse outcomes in patients with CS after steroid therapy.

Keywords: Myocardial Disease.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cardiomyopathies / diagnosis*
  • Cardiomyopathies / drug therapy
  • Cardiomyopathies / physiopathology
  • Contrast Media
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Echocardiography / methods
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Gadolinium DTPA*
  • Glucocorticoids / administration & dosage
  • Heart Ventricles / drug effects
  • Heart Ventricles / pathology
  • Heart Ventricles / physiopathology
  • Image Enhancement / methods*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / methods*
  • Myocardium / pathology
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prednisone / administration & dosage*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sarcoidosis / diagnosis*
  • Sarcoidosis / drug therapy
  • Sarcoidosis / physiopathology
  • Stroke Volume
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ventricular Function, Left / drug effects
  • Ventricular Function, Left / physiology*

Substances

  • Contrast Media
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Gadolinium DTPA
  • Prednisone