The medicinal chemistry of liver X receptor (LXR) modulators

J Med Chem. 2014 Sep 11;57(17):7182-205. doi: 10.1021/jm500442z. Epub 2014 May 28.

Abstract

LXRs have been of interest as targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis for over a decade. In recent years, LXR modulators have also garnered interest for potential use in the treatment of inflammation, Alzheimer's disease (AD), dermatological conditions, hepatic steatosis, and oncology. To date, no LXR modulator has successfully progressed beyond phase I clinical trials. In this Perspective, we summarize published medicinal chemistry efforts in the context of the available crystallographic data, druglikeness, and isoform selectivity. In addition, we discuss the challenges that need to be overcome before an LXR modulator can reach clinical use.

MeSH terms

  • Anticholesteremic Agents / chemistry*
  • Anticholesteremic Agents / metabolism
  • Anticholesteremic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Atherosclerosis / drug therapy*
  • Atherosclerosis / metabolism
  • Benzoates / chemistry
  • Benzoates / metabolism
  • Benzoates / therapeutic use
  • Benzylamines / chemistry
  • Benzylamines / metabolism
  • Benzylamines / therapeutic use
  • Binding Sites
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Humans
  • Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / chemistry
  • Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / metabolism
  • Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / therapeutic use
  • Liver X Receptors
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Structure
  • Orphan Nuclear Receptors / agonists*
  • Orphan Nuclear Receptors / chemistry*
  • Orphan Nuclear Receptors / metabolism
  • Protein Isoforms / agonists
  • Protein Isoforms / chemistry
  • Protein Isoforms / metabolism
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Sulfonamides / chemistry
  • Sulfonamides / metabolism
  • Sulfonamides / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Anticholesteremic Agents
  • Benzoates
  • Benzylamines
  • GW 3965
  • Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated
  • Liver X Receptors
  • Orphan Nuclear Receptors
  • Protein Isoforms
  • Sulfonamides
  • T0901317