Apoptotic stimuli induce the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, and this released cytochrome c promotes the formation of the apoptosome, which contains cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and caspase-9, resulting in the activation of caspase-9 and the promotion of apoptotic cell death. To investigate the role of the apoptosome in patients with Parkinson׳s disease (PD), we performed immunohistochemical studies on apoptosome-related proteins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 8 normal subjects, 10 patients with PD and 5 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Furthermore, we performed double-labeling immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-9 and CD68 in some sections from 8 normal subjects and 10 patients with PD. In the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus from both control and PD cases, the somata and processes of melanin-containing neurons were immunostained for cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and caspase-9. In the same areas from the PD cases, brainstem-type Lewy bodies were also immunoreactive for cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-9 immunoreactivity was detected in brainstem-type Lewy bodies and CD68-immunopositive microglia. In addition to brainstem-type Lewy bodies, cortical Lewy bodies were also immunoreactive for these apoptosome-related proteins in the frontal and temporal cortices from the DLB cases. Our results suggest that apoptosome formation accompanied by caspase-9 activation may occur in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus in brains affected by PD, and that a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway may be partially associated with the pathogenesis of PD.
Keywords: Apoptosome; Caspase-9; Lewy body; Mitochondria; Parkinson׳s disease.
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