Impact of denervation-induced muscle atrophy on housekeeping gene expression in mice

Muscle Nerve. 2015 Feb;51(2):276-81. doi: 10.1002/mus.24310. Epub 2014 Dec 23.

Abstract

Introduction: Immobilization induced by experimental denervation leads to rapid and progressive alterations in structural and biochemical properties of skeletal muscle. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a popular method of elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy. Identification of suitable reference genes that are not affected by experimental conditions is a critical step in accurate normalization of real-time RT-PCR.

Methods: We investigated the impact of denervation-induced muscle atrophy for 2 weeks on the expression of common housekeeping genes.

Results: Denervation differentially affected the expression levels of these genes. RefFinder software identified TATA box binding protein (Tbp) as the most stable gene and showed that the stability of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) genes was low, even though they are widely used for normalization.

Conclusions: The appropriate reference gene for normalization of genes of interest in denervated muscle is Tbp.

Keywords: denervation; housekeeping gene; immobilization; muscle atrophy; real-time RT-PCR.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Analysis of Variance
  • Animals
  • Denervation / adverse effects
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Functional Laterality
  • Gene Expression Regulation / physiology*
  • Genes, Essential / genetics*
  • Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / genetics
  • Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / metabolism
  • Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / genetics
  • Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / metabolism
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscular Atrophy / etiology*
  • Muscular Atrophy / metabolism*
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Sciatic Neuropathy / complications*
  • TATA-Box Binding Protein / genetics
  • TATA-Box Binding Protein / metabolism*
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • RNA, Messenger
  • TATA-Box Binding Protein
  • Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases
  • Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase