Comorbidities and differential diagnosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Heart Fail Clin. 2014 Jul;10(3):481-501. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2014.04.009.

Abstract

Careful consideration must be given when diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF). HF-PEF diagnosis is challenging and essentially a diagnosis of exclusion, with comorbidities potentially making the diagnosis more difficult. This article describes the comorbidities commonly associated with HF-PEF, the potential influence of these comorbidities on morbidity and mortality, and the differential diagnosis.

Keywords: Comorbidity; HF-PEF; HF-REF; Prognosis.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Cardiac Output, Low / diagnosis*
  • Cardiac Output, Low / epidemiology
  • Comorbidity
  • Diabetes Mellitus / diagnosis
  • Diabetes Mellitus / epidemiology
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Female
  • Heart Failure / diagnosis*
  • Heart Failure / epidemiology*
  • Heart Failure, Diastolic / diagnosis
  • Heart Failure, Diastolic / epidemiology
  • Heart Failure, Systolic / diagnosis
  • Heart Failure, Systolic / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / diagnosis
  • Hypertension / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / diagnosis
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / epidemiology
  • Reference Values
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / diagnosis
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / epidemiology
  • Stroke Volume / physiology*
  • Survival Analysis
  • Syndrome