Binocular glaucomatous visual field loss and its impact on visual exploration--a supermarket study

PLoS One. 2014 Aug 27;9(8):e106089. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106089. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Advanced glaucomatous visual field loss may critically interfere with quality of life. The purpose of this study was to (i) assess the impact of binocular glaucomatous visual field loss on a supermarket search task as an example of everyday living activities, (ii) to identify factors influencing the performance, and (iii) to investigate the related compensatory mechanisms. Ten patients with binocular glaucoma (GP), and ten healthy-sighted control subjects (GC) were asked to collect twenty different products chosen randomly in two supermarket racks as quickly as possible. The task performance was rated as "passed" or "failed" with regard to the time per correctly collected item. Based on the performance of control subjects, the threshold value for failing the task was defined as μ+3σ (in seconds per correctly collected item). Eye movements were recorded by means of a mobile eye tracker. Eight out of ten patients with glaucoma and all control subjects passed the task. Patients who failed the task needed significantly longer time (111.47 s ±12.12 s) to complete the task than patients who passed (64.45 s ±13.36 s, t-test, p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients who passed the task showed a significantly higher number of glances towards the visual field defect (VFD) area than patients who failed (t-test, p < 0.05). According to these results, glaucoma patients with defects in the binocular visual field display on average longer search times in a naturalistic supermarket task. However, a considerable number of patients, who compensate by frequent glancing towards the VFD, showed successful task performance. Therefore, systematic exploration of the VFD area seems to be a "time-effective" compensatory mechanism during the present supermarket task.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01372319 NCT01372332.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Activities of Daily Living
  • Adaptation, Physiological*
  • Aged
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Eye Movements / physiology
  • Female
  • Glaucoma / physiopathology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Monitoring, Physiologic
  • Pattern Recognition, Visual / physiology
  • Quality of Life
  • Reaction Time
  • Scotoma / physiopathology*
  • Task Performance and Analysis
  • Vision, Ocular / physiology
  • Visual Field Tests
  • Visual Fields*

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01372319
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01372332

Grants and funding

PFIZER Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany, and MSD, SHARP & DOHME GmbH, Haar, Germany provided financial support to this study. This funding was used for compensation of the recruited subjects. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.