Near-fatal persistent anion- and osmolal-gap acidosis due to massive gamma-butyrolactone/ethanol intoxication

Ann Clin Biochem. 2015 Mar;52(Pt 2):283-7. doi: 10.1177/0004563214553278. Epub 2014 Sep 9.

Abstract

We report a case of an ethanol and massive gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) intoxication, the precursor of the recreational drug gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), resulting in life-threatening metabolic acidosis (pH 6.5) with a highly increased anion- and osmolal gap. Rapid analysis using gas chromatography revealed a GHB plasma concentration of 4400 mg/L, far above the upper limit concentration of 1000 mg/L found in adult fatalities attributed to GBL. Full recovery was established following supportive treatment including haemodialysis. This is the first report of a combined ethanol/GBL intoxication as a cause of high serum anion- and osmolal-gap metabolic acidosis.

Keywords: Gamma-butyrolactone; anion gap; high anion-gap metabolic acidosis; intoxication; osmolal gap acidosis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • 4-Butyrolactone / blood
  • 4-Butyrolactone / toxicity*
  • Acidosis / etiology*
  • Acidosis / metabolism
  • Acidosis / physiopathology
  • Acidosis / therapy
  • Alcoholic Intoxication / complications
  • Alcoholic Intoxication / physiopathology*
  • Coma / etiology
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Cyanosis / etiology
  • Drug Overdose / complications
  • Drug Overdose / physiopathology*
  • Emergency Medical Services
  • Humans
  • Illicit Drugs / blood
  • Illicit Drugs / toxicity*
  • Male
  • Renal Dialysis
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Illicit Drugs
  • 4-Butyrolactone