Aspirin use after diagnosis but not prediagnosis improves established colorectal cancer survival: a meta-analysis

Gut. 2015 Sep;64(9):1419-25. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308260. Epub 2014 Sep 19.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis was to systematically assess the survival benefit of aspirin use before or after diagnosis for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Design: Relevant studies were identified through searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases before May 2014. Two investigators extracted data independently for baseline characteristics and outcomes from the included studies. Either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model was derived to composite the pooled HR for overall mortality and CRC-specific mortality of CRC.

Results: Seven studies on postdiagnosis aspirin therapy and seven studies on prediagnosis aspirin use were finally included in this meta-analysis. The overall survival benefit associated with postdiagnosis aspirin use represented an HR of 0.84 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.94). This effect was observed both in colon cancer (HR=0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.96) and in rectal cancer (HR=0.90, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.98). Besides, the survival benefit of postdiagnosis aspirin use appeared to be confined to those patients with positive prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, also known as cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2) expression (HR=0.65, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.85) and with mutated PIK3CA tumours (HR=0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.90). Aspirin use postdiagnosis was not associated with CRC-specific mortality (HR=0.77, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.14). We observed no evidence of an association between prediagnosis aspirin use and CRC overall mortality (HR=1.01, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.06) or CRC-specific mortality (HR=0.93, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.05).

Conclusions: These findings provide further indication that postdiagnosis aspirin therapy improved CRC overall survival, especially for patients with positive PTGS2 (COX-2) expression and mutated PIK3CA tumours.

Keywords: COLORECTAL CANCER.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma / diagnosis
  • Adenocarcinoma / genetics
  • Adenocarcinoma / mortality
  • Adenocarcinoma / prevention & control
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / administration & dosage*
  • Aspirin / administration & dosage*
  • Cause of Death
  • Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / mortality*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / genetics
  • Drug Administration Schedule
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mutation
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / genetics
  • Prognosis
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Risk Assessment
  • Survival Analysis

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Cyclooxygenase 2
  • PTGS2 protein, human
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • PIK3CA protein, human
  • Aspirin