In vivo kinetics of the uremic toxin p-cresyl sulfate in mice with variable renal function

Ther Apher Dial. 2014 Dec;18(6):637-42. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12185. Epub 2014 Sep 26.

Abstract

Uremic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) are associated with increased mortality for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but in vivo PCS toxicity studies are limited due to the lack of a standard animal model. To establish such a model, we measured the pharmacokinetics of PCS in mice with variable renal function. Male Balb/c mice subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy (CRF), unilateral nephrectomy (UNX), or no surgery (controls) were given PCS (po, 50 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected over time and plasma PCS concentrations were measured. Over 4 h, PCS was significantly higher in the plasma of CRF mice (63.28 ± 2.76 mg/L), compared to UNX mice (3.11 ± 0.64 mg/L) and controls (0.39 ± 0.12 mg/L). The PCS half-life was greatest in CRF mice (12.07 ± 0.12 h), compared to 0.79 ± 0.04 h in UNX mice and 0.48 ± 0.02 h in control mice. However, the potential presence of additional uremic toxins along with PCS in CRF mice and rapid PCS clearance in control mice suggest that the UNX mouse would be a better PCS model to study toxicity.

Keywords: Kinetics; P-cresyl sulfate; Uremic toxins; mouse model.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cresols / pharmacokinetics*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Half-Life
  • Kidney Function Tests
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Nephrectomy*
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / physiopathology*
  • Sulfuric Acid Esters / pharmacokinetics*
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Cresols
  • Sulfuric Acid Esters
  • 4-cresol sulfate