Should all nasopharyngeal carcinoma with masticator space involvement be staged as T4?

Oral Oncol. 2014 Dec;50(12):1188-95. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.09.001. Epub 2014 Sep 30.

Abstract

Introduction: The prognostic significance of the involvement of anatomical masticator space (MS) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was retrospectively reviewed.

Material and methods: 1104 Patients with non-metastatic NPC treated with radical radiotherapy between 1998 and 2010 were re-staged according to the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system; tumors with medial pterygoid muscle (MP) and/or lateral pterygoid muscle (LP) involvement but did not fulfill the criteria for T3 or T4 were staged as TX. The tumor volume data, dosimetric data and survival endpoints of different T stage diseases were analyzed and compared to study the significance of MS involvement.

Results: The overall MS involvement rate was 61.0%. The median volumes of the primary gross tumor volume were 9.6ml, 15.2ml, 19.9ml, 32.6ml and 77.3ml for T1, T2, TX, T3 and T4, respectively (p<0.001). T1, T2 and TX tumors received higher minimum dose to the gross tumor volume and planning target volume than T3 and T4. Multivariate analysis showed that age, gender, T-/N-classification and the use of chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors for various survival end-points. Patients with TX disease had similar survival rates as with T1-T2; and had a significantly better 5-year overall survival rate (86.6% vs. 76.6%; p=0.013) and a trend of higher 5-year distant failure-free survival rate (91.5% vs. 81.3%; p=0.09) than patients with T3 disease.

Conclusion: NPC with the involvement of MP and/or LP alone should be classified as T2 disease.

Keywords: Masticator space; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Prognosis; Staging.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Carcinoma
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Masticatory Muscles / pathology*
  • Middle Aged
  • Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
  • Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / radiotherapy
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Prognosis
  • Radiation Dosage
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tumor Burden
  • Young Adult