Ultraslow myosin molecular motors of placental contractile stem villi in humans

PLoS One. 2014 Sep 30;9(9):e108814. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108814. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Human placental stem villi (PSV) present contractile properties. In vitro mechanics were investigated in 40 human PSV. Contraction of PSV was induced by both KCl exposure (n = 20) and electrical tetanic stimulation (n = 20). Isotonic contractions were registered at several load levels ranging from zero-load up to isometric load. The tension-velocity relationship was found to be hyperbolic. This made it possible to apply the A. Huxley formalism for determining the rate constants for myosin cross-bridge (CB) attachment and detachment, CB single force, catalytic constant, myosin content, and maximum myosin ATPase activity. These molecular characteristics of myosin CBs did not differ under either KCl exposure or tetanus. A comparative approach was established from studies previously published in the literature and driven by mean of a similar method. As compared to that described in mammalian striated muscles, we showed that in human PSV, myosin CB rate constants for attachment and detachment were about 103 times lower whereas myosin ATPase activity was 105 times lower. Up to now, CB kinetics of contractile cells arranged along the long axis of the placental sheath appeared to be the slowest ever observed in any mammalian contractile tissue.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Chorionic Villi / metabolism*
  • Electric Stimulation
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Kinetics
  • Muscle Contraction / drug effects
  • Myosins / metabolism*
  • Potassium Chloride / pharmacology
  • Pregnancy
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Potassium Chloride
  • Myosins

Grants and funding

The authors obtained the use of laboratory facilities from the Clinical Research Center of Meaux Hospital, France. E.L. is holder of a clinical research mandate by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.