Background: In 2010 the Beijing Municipal Government promulgated a policy aimed at improving the quality of life and subjective well-being of elderly residents that included a component focused on mental health.
Aim: Identify factors associated with subjective well-being in a representative sample of elderly residents of Xi Cheng District in Beijing.
Methods: This cross-sectional study administered a self-completion survey to a stratified random sample of 2342 residents of Xi Cheng District who were 60 to 80 years of age. The level of well-being was assessed using a validated Chinese version of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). Detailed socioeconomic variables were obtained using a questionnaire developed by the authors. Social support, anxiety, and depression were assessed using validated Chinese versions of the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS).
Results: Among the 2342 respondents, 1616 (69.0%) had a total MUNSH score of 32 or above, indicating a high level of happiness; 423 (18.1%) has a total SSRS score 32 or below, indicating poor social support; 201 (8.6%) had a total SDS score of 53 or above, indicating significant depression; and 126 (5.3%) had a total SAS score of 50 or above, indicating significant anxiety. In the multivariate regression analysis the self-reported level of depression was the most important factor related to well-being. Anxiety, social support, income level, the quality of family relationships, the ability to self-regulate emotions, and regular exercise were also significantly related to well-being; but gender, marital status, age and educational level were not associated with well-being.
Conclusion: Among elderly urban residents in Beijing, self-reports of poor subjective well-being are closely associated with self-reports of depressive and anxiety symptoms and also associated with social factors such as social support, income level and family relationships. Prospective studies are needed to identify the causal relationships of these variables and, based on the findings, to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and well-being of elderly community members.
背景: 2010年北京市政府颁布了一项旨在提高老年居民生活质量和主观幸福度的政策，其中包括了关注精神卫生的内容。
目的: 在北京市西城区老年居民样本中确定与主观幸福度有关的因素。
方法: 通过随机分层整群抽样，在北京市西城区2 342名60～80岁的老年居民中进行了自评式横断面调查。采用中文版纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表（Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness，MUNSH）评定幸福度。采用自编问卷收集样本人群详细的社会经济学资料。采用中文版社会支持评定量表（Social Support Rating Scale , SSRS）、焦虑自评量表（Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, SAS）和抑郁自评量表（Self-Rating Depression Scale，SDS）评定样本人群的社会支持、焦虑和抑郁。
结果: 在2 342名参加研究的老年人中，1616人（69%）的幸福度总分≥32分，提示幸福程度较高；423人（18.1%）的SSRS总分≤32分，提示获得的社会支持较少；201人（8.6%）的SDS总分≥53，提示有明显抑郁；126人（5.3%）的SAS总分≥50，提示有明显焦虑。多元回归分析发现自我报告的抑郁程度是与幸福度相关的最重要的因素。焦虑、社会支持、收入水平、家庭关系的质量、自我调节情绪的能力和定期锻炼也与幸福度显著相关；但性别、婚姻状况、年龄和受教育程度与幸福度无关。
结论: 在北京的老年城市居民中，自我报告的主观幸福度低与抑郁和焦虑症状有关，也与社会支持、收入水平和家庭关系等社会因素有关。需要进行前瞻性研究以确定这些变量之间的因果关系，并在此基础上制订针对性的干预措施，来提高社区老年人的生活质量和幸福度。