Immunomodulation by Trypanosoma cruzi: toward understanding the association of dendritic cells with infecting TcI and TcII populations

J Immunol Res. 2014:2014:962047. doi: 10.1155/2014/962047. Epub 2014 Oct 13.

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) are major immune components, and depending on how these cells are modulated, the protective host immune response changes drastically. Trypanosoma cruzi is a parasite with high genetic variability and modulates DCs by interfering with their capacity for antigen recognition, migration, and maturation. Despite recent efforts, the association between DCs and T. cruzi I (TcI) and TcII populations is unknown. Herein, it was demonstrated that AQ1.7 and MUTUM TcI strains present low rates of invasion of bone marrow-derived DCs, whereas the 1849 and 2369 TcII strains present higher rates. Whereas the four strains similarly induced the expression of PD-L1, the production and expression of IL-10 and TLR-2, respectively, in DCs were differentially increased. The production of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and CCL2 and the expression of CD40, CD80, MHC-II, CCR5, and CCR7 changed depending on the strain. The 2369 strain yielded the most remarkable results because greater invasion correlated with an increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory molecules IL-10 and PD-L1 but not with a change in the levels of TNF-α, MHC-II, or CD40 molecules. These results suggest that T. cruzi strains belonging to different populations have evolved specific evasion strategies that subvert DCs and consequently the host response.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • B7-1 Antigen / immunology
  • B7-1 Antigen / metabolism
  • B7-H1 Antigen / immunology
  • B7-H1 Antigen / metabolism
  • CD40 Antigens / immunology
  • CD40 Antigens / metabolism
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Dendritic Cells / metabolism
  • Dendritic Cells / parasitology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Female
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / immunology
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / metabolism
  • Host-Parasite Interactions / immunology*
  • Immune System Phenomena / immunology*
  • Interleukin-10 / immunology
  • Interleukin-10 / metabolism
  • Interleukin-12 / immunology
  • Interleukin-12 / metabolism
  • Interleukin-6 / immunology
  • Interleukin-6 / metabolism
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Receptors, CCR2 / immunology
  • Receptors, CCR2 / metabolism
  • Receptors, CCR5 / immunology
  • Receptors, CCR5 / metabolism
  • Receptors, CCR7 / immunology
  • Receptors, CCR7 / metabolism
  • Species Specificity
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2 / immunology
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2 / metabolism
  • Trypanosoma cruzi / classification
  • Trypanosoma cruzi / immunology*
  • Trypanosoma cruzi / physiology
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism

Substances

  • B7-1 Antigen
  • B7-H1 Antigen
  • CCR5 protein, mouse
  • CD40 Antigens
  • Ccr2 protein, mouse
  • Ccr7 protein, mouse
  • Cd274 protein, mouse
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
  • Interleukin-6
  • Receptors, CCR2
  • Receptors, CCR5
  • Receptors, CCR7
  • Tlr2 protein, mouse
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Interleukin-10
  • Interleukin-12