Enhanced collisionless shock formation in a magnetized plasma containing a density gradient

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2014 Oct;90(4):041101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.041101. Epub 2014 Oct 17.

Abstract

Two-dimensional hybrid simulations of super-Alfvénic expanding debris plasma interacting with an inhomogeneous ambient plasma are presented. The simulations demonstrate improved collisionless coupling of energy to the ambient ions when encountering a density gradient. Simulations of an expanding cylinder running into a step function gradient are performed and compared to a simple analytical theory. Magnetic flux probe data from a laboratory shock experiment are compared to a simulation with a more realistic debris expansion and ambient ion density. The simulation confirms that a shock is formed and propagates within the high density region of ambient plasma.