Populus nigra has been introduced and largely planted in China, and the waste wood was still abandoned. Therefore, the wood extractives of Populus nigra were studied to further utilize the bio-resources. The result shown that the optimal extraction time of ethanol/methanol extraction, petroleum ether/acetic ether extraction, and benzene/alcohol extraction were 1h, 7h and 3h, respectively. Among sequential extractions, EPB extraction was the optimum extraction mode for the LR was 17.32%. The wood extractives included hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, phthalic acid derivatives, squalene, 3,3,7,11- tetramethyltricyclo [5.4.0.0(4,11)]undecan-1-ol, other rare drug and biomedical activities. The wood extractives of Populus nigra was fit to extract rare dibutyl phthalate and squalene.