Blood-brain barrier imaging in human neuropathologies

Arch Med Res. 2014 Nov;45(8):646-52. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.016. Epub 2014 Nov 29.

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for normal function of the brain, and its role in many brain pathologies has been the focus of numerous studies during the last decades. Dysfunction of the BBB is not only being shown in numerous brain diseases, but animal studies have indicated that it plays a direct key role in the genesis of neurovascular dysfunction and associated neurodegeneration. As such evidence accumulates, the need for robust and clinically applicable methods for minimally invasive assessment of BBB integrity is becoming urgent. This review provides an introduction to BBB imaging methods in the clinical scenario. First, imaging modalities are reviewed, with a focus on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). We then proceed to review image analysis methods, including quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. The advantages and limitations of each approach are discussed, and future directions and questions are highlighted.

Keywords: Blood–brain barrier; Magnetic resonance; Neuropathologies; Neurovascular.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Blood-Brain Barrier / diagnostic imaging
  • Blood-Brain Barrier / pathology*
  • Brain Injuries / diagnosis
  • Brain Injuries / diagnostic imaging
  • Humans
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / methods
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods*
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / diagnosis
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Neuroimaging / methods*
  • Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / methods