MicroPET/CT imaging of patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts implanted subcutaneously or orthotopically in NOD-scid mice using (64)Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 fragments

Introduction: Our objective was to study microPET/CT imaging of patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts in NOD-scid mice using F(ab')2 fragments of the fully-human anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, panitumumab (Vectibix) labeled with (64)Cu. More than 90% of pancreatic cancers are EGFR-positive.

Methods: F(ab')2 fragments were produced by proteolytic digestion of panitumumab IgG or non-specific human IgG, purified by ultrafiltration then modified with NOTA chelators for complexing (64)Cu. Panitumumab IgG and Fab fragments were similarly labeled with (64)Cu. EGFR immunoreactivity was determined in competition and direct (saturation) cell binding assays. The biodistribution of (64)Cu-labeled panitumumab IgG, F(ab')2 and Fab was compared in non-tumor-bearing Balb/c mice. MicroPET/CT and biodistribution studies were performed in NOD-scid mice engrafted subcutaneously (s.c.) or orthotopically with patient-derived OCIP23 pancreatic tumors, or in NOD-scid with s.c. PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer xenografts.

Results: Panitumumab F(ab')2 fragments were produced in high purity (>90%), derivitized with 3.2±0.7 NOTA/F(ab')2, and labeled with (64)Cu (0.3-3.6MBq/μg). The binding of (64)Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 to OCIP23 or PANC-1 cells was decreased significantly by an excess of panitumumab IgG. The Kd for binding of (64)Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 to EGFR on PANC-1 cells was 0.14±0.05nmol/L. F(ab')2 fragments exhibited more suitable normal tissue distribution for tumor imaging with (64)Cu than panitumumab IgG or Fab. Tumor uptake at 48h post injection (p.i.) of (64)Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 was 12.0±0.9% injected dose/g (ID/g) in s.c. and 11.8±0.9% ID/g in orthotopic OCIP23 tumors vs. 6.1±1.1% ID/g in s.c. PANC-1 xenografts. Tumor/Blood (T/B) ratios were 5:1 to 9:1 for OCIP23 and 2.4:1 for PANC-1 tumors. Tumor uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-non-specific F(ab')2 in OCIP23 xenografts was 5-fold lower than (64)Cu-panitumumab F(ab')2. All tumor xenografts were clearly imaged by microPET/CT at 24 or 48h p.i. of (64)Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2.

Conclusions: (64)Cu-panitumumab F(ab')2 fragments bound with high affinity to EGFR on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and localized specifically in patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice in vivo, allowing tumor visualization by microPET/CT at 24 or 48h p.i.