pH-adjustment of 2-chloroprocaine quickens the onset of epidural anaesthesia

Can J Anaesth. 1989 Sep;36(5):515-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03005377.

Abstract

The effect of pH-adjustment of three per cent 2-chloroprocaine (2-CP, Nesacaine MPF) on the onset, duration, and spread of epidural analgesia and anaesthesia was studied in patients undergoing lower extremity surgery. Forty ASA physical status I and II patients were randomized to two groups. In a double-blinded fashion, patients in both groups received an epidural injection of 15 ml of local anaesthetic (LA) solution via a Tuohy needle at the L3-4 interspace. Local anaesthesia for Group I was prepared by adding 3 mEq NaHCO3 to 27 ml three per cent 2-CP and for Group II was prepared by adding 3 ml 0.9 per cent NaCl to 27 ml three per cent 2-CP. Both solutions contained epinephrine (1:200,000). The pH of commercially prepared Nesacaine MPF was 3.19 +/- 0.02. The pH of the solutions used for Group I and Group II patients were 7.32 +/- 0.01 and 3.27 +/- 0.02, respectively. Times to analgesia and anaesthesia at the L2 dermatome were significantly decreased in Group I patients by 2.5 and 6.6 minutes, respectively. Likewise, pH-adjustment accelerated the attainment of maximum level of block by 2.8 min. No statistical differences were found between groups in the maximum level of epidural block, or in time to 2-segment regression. No precipitation of LA was observed in pH-adjusted solutions of 2-CP after 24 hours. We recommend the use of pH-adjusted three per cent 2-CP (Nesacaine MPF) to accelerate the onset of epidural block.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anesthesia, Epidural*
  • Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage*
  • Bicarbonates
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Leg / surgery
  • Procaine / administration & dosage
  • Procaine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Random Allocation
  • Sodium
  • Sodium Bicarbonate
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Bicarbonates
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Procaine
  • chloroprocaine
  • Sodium Bicarbonate
  • Sodium