How and why researchers use the number needed to vaccinate to inform decision making--a systematic review

Vaccine. 2015 Feb 4;33(6):753-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.033. Epub 2014 Dec 25.

Abstract

Background: The number needed to vaccinate (NNV) is a measure that has been widely used in the scientific literature to draw conclusions about the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of various immunization programmes. The main objective of this review is to examine how and why the NNV has been used and reported in the published literature.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched and records were screened against the eligibility criteria by two independent authors. We included papers that reported and interpreted NNV.

Results: We identified 27 studies, the designs including observational studies, economic analyses, systematic reviews, and commentaries. The NNV has been used in the literature to describe three main themes: potential benefits of vaccination programmes, cost-effectiveness, and economic analyses, and modelling studies to compare different vaccination strategies.

Conclusions: NNV has been used in a wide variety of ways in the literature, yet there are no defined thresholds for what is a favourable NNV. Furthermore, the generalizability of the NNV is usually limited. Further work is required to determine the most appropriate use of this measure.

Keywords: Benefits of vaccination; Cost-effectiveness; Immunization; Mathematicalmodelling; Number needed to treat; Number needed to vaccinate.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Infections / economics
  • Bacterial Infections / immunology
  • Bacterial Infections / prevention & control
  • Bacterial Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Bacterial Vaccines / economics*
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis
  • Databases, Bibliographic
  • Decision Making
  • Health Services Needs and Demand / economics
  • Health Services Needs and Demand / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Models, Statistical*
  • Research Design / statistics & numerical data*
  • Vaccination / economics
  • Vaccination / statistics & numerical data*
  • Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Viral Vaccines / economics*
  • Virus Diseases / economics
  • Virus Diseases / immunology
  • Virus Diseases / prevention & control

Substances

  • Bacterial Vaccines
  • Viral Vaccines