Revisiting the argument for 1- versus 2-vein outflow in head and neck free tissue transfers: A review of 317 microvascular reconstructions

Head Neck. 2016 Jun;38(6):820-3. doi: 10.1002/hed.23976. Epub 2015 Jun 16.

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the benefit of 1-vein versus 2-vein outflow in microvascular free tissue transfers.

Methods: A retrospective review reflects the experience of 6 surgeons. Analysis included all patients who underwent reconstruction at a single institution between January 2004 and December 2012.

Results: Three hundred nine patients underwent a total of 317 microvascular free flap reconstructions for head and neck defects. Two hundred thirteen of 317 flaps (67.2%) used 1 venous anastomosis and 104 (32.8%) used 2 venous anastomoses. Venous congestion necessitated urgent take back in 37 of 57 patients (64.9%) requiring exploration for perioperative complications. Thirty of 37 flaps (81.1%) with venous congestion had 1 vein anastomosis, whereas 7 (18.9%) had dual vein outflow (p = .03). Overall flap success was 303 of 317 (95.6%), despite an 18.0% (57 of 317) perioperative take back rate.

Conclusion: Coapting 2 veins was shown to minimize venous congestion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 820-823, 2016.

Keywords: dual vein outflow; free flap reconstruction; free tissue transfer; vascular compromise; venous congestion.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anastomosis, Surgical / methods
  • Child
  • Female
  • Free Tissue Flaps / blood supply*
  • Head / surgery*
  • Humans
  • Hyperemia
  • Male
  • Microvessels
  • Middle Aged
  • Neck / surgery*
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures
  • Postoperative Complications
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Veins / transplantation*
  • Young Adult