Spacers in radiotherapy treatment of prostate cancer: is reduction of toxicity cost-effective?

Radiother Oncol. 2015 Feb;114(2):276-81. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.01.005. Epub 2015 Jan 20.

Abstract

Background and purpose: To compare the cost-effectiveness of treating prostate cancer patients with intensity-modulated radiation therapy and a spacer (IMRT+S) versus IMRT-only without a spacer (IMRT-O).

Materials and methods: A decision-analytic Markov model was constructed to examine the effect of late rectal toxicity and compare the costs and quality-adjusted Life Years (QALYs) of IMRT-O and IMRT+S. The main assumption of this modeling study was that disease progression, genito-urinary toxicity and survival were equal for both comparators.

Results: For all patients, IMRT+S revealed a lower toxicity than IMRT-O. Treatment follow-up and toxicity costs for IMRT-O and IMRT+S amounted to €1604 and €1444, respectively, thus saving €160 on the complication costs at an extra charge of €1700 for the spacer in IMRT+S. The QALYs yielded for IMRT-O and IMRT+S were 3.542 and 3.570, respectively. This results in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €55,880 per QALY gained. For a ceiling ratio of €80,000, IMRT+S had a 77% probability of being cost-effective.

Conclusion: IMRT+S is cost-effective compared to IMRT-O based on its potential to reduce radiotherapy-related toxicity.

Keywords: Cost-effectiveness; Prostate cancer; Radiotherapy; Spacer; Toxicity-reduction.

MeSH terms

  • Cost-Benefit Analysis
  • Decision Support Techniques
  • Disease Progression
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Markov Chains
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / economics*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / radiotherapy*
  • Quality-Adjusted Life Years
  • Radiation Injuries / economics*
  • Radiation Injuries / etiology
  • Radiation Injuries / prevention & control*
  • Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / adverse effects
  • Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / economics
  • Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / methods