Application of tungsten as a carbon sink for synthesis of large-domain uniform monolayer graphene free of bilayers/multilayers

Nanoscale. 2015 Mar 21;7(11):4929-34. doi: 10.1039/c4nr07418a.

Abstract

We have found that tungsten (W) foils can be used for controlling the carbon diffusion within copper (Cu) enclosures to synthesize large-domain bi-/multi-layer-free monolayer graphene via chemical vapor deposition. We have observed that bi-/multi-layer graphene that nucleate underneath the monolayer graphene can be selectively removed by a W foil placed inside of the Cu enclosure. Both X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal the formation of tungsten sub-carbide (W2C), suggesting the role of the W foil as a carbon sink that alters the carbon concentration inside of the enclosure. Consequently, the bi-/multi-layers appear to dissolve. Utilizing this selective removal process, we were able to demonstrate large-domain (>200 μm) monolayer graphene that is free of any bi-/multi-layers by using Cu double enclosures.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.