Amine oxidative N-dealkylation via cupric hydroperoxide Cu-OOH homolytic cleavage followed by site-specific fenton chemistry

J Am Chem Soc. 2015 Mar 4;137(8):2867-74. doi: 10.1021/ja508371q. Epub 2015 Feb 23.

Abstract

Copper(II) hydroperoxide species are significant intermediates in processes such as fuel cells and (bio)chemical oxidations, all involving stepwise reduction of molecular oxygen. We previously reported a Cu(II)-OOH species that performs oxidative N-dealkylation on a dibenzylamino group that is appended to the 6-position of a pyridyl donor of a tripodal tetradentate ligand. To obtain insights into the mechanism of this process, reaction kinetics and products were determined employing ligand substrates with various para-substituent dibenzyl pairs (-H,-H; -H,-Cl; -H,-OMe, and -Cl,-OMe), or with partially or fully deuterated dibenzyl N-(CH2Ph)2 moieties. A series of ligand-copper(II) bis-perchlorate complexes were synthesized, characterized, and the X-ray structures of the -H,-OMe analogue were determined. The corresponding metastable Cu(II)-OOH species were generated by addition of H2O2/base in acetone at -90 °C. These convert (t1/2 ≈ 53 s) to oxidatively N-dealkylated products, producing para-substituted benzaldehydes. Based on the experimental observations and supporting DFT calculations, a reaction mechanism involving dibenzylamine H-atom abstraction or electron-transfer oxidation by the Cu(II)-OOH entity could be ruled out. It is concluded that the chemistry proceeds by rate limiting Cu-O homolytic cleavage of the Cu(II)-(OOH) species, followed by site-specific copper Fenton chemistry. As a process of broad interest in copper as well as iron oxidative (bio)chemistries, a detailed computational analysis was performed, indicating that a Cu(I)OOH species undergoes O-O homolytic cleavage to yield a hydroxyl radical and Cu(II)OH rather than heterolytic cleavage to yield water and a Cu(II)-O(•-) species.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Amines / chemistry*
  • Binding Sites
  • Copper / chemistry*
  • Dealkylation
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / chemistry*
  • Hydroxyl Radical / chemistry
  • Iron / chemistry*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Peroxides / chemistry*

Substances

  • Amines
  • Fenton's reagent
  • Peroxides
  • Hydroxyl Radical
  • Copper
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Iron