Assessment and clinical factors associated with pain in patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy

Actas Urol Esp. 2015 Sep;39(7):414-9. doi: 10.1016/j.acuro.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Objectives: To quantify the degree of pain experienced by patients who undergo ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy in standard clinical practice and assess the clinical factors associated with increased pain.

Material and methods: Analysis of a multicenter series of patients with prostate biopsy according to standard clinical practice. The biopsy was performed transrectally with a protocol of local anesthesia on the posterolateral nerve bundle. The pain was assessed at 20minutes into the procedure using the visual analog scale (0-10). The degree of pain was analyzed, and the association was studied using a univariate/multivariate analysis of selected clinical variables and the degree of pain.

Results: A total of 1188 patients with a median age of 64 years were analyzed. Thirty percent of the biopsies were diagnosed with a tumor. The median pain score was 2, with 65% of the patients reporting a pain score ≤2. The multivariate analysis showed that the prostate volume (RR, 1.34; 95% CI 1.01-1.77; P=.04), having a previous biopsy (RR, 2.25; 95% CI 1.44-3.52; P<.01), age (RR, .63; 95% CI .47-.85; P<.01) and feel palpation (RR, 1.95; 95% CI 1.28-2.96; P<.01) were factors independently associated with greater pain during the procedure.

Conclusions: Transrectal biopsy with local anesthesia is a relatively painless technique. Factors such as age, a previous biopsy, pain on being touched and prostate volume were associated with the presence of greater pain during the procedure.

Keywords: Biopsia prostática transrectal; Cáncer de próstata; Diagnóstico; Escala analógica del dolor; Prostate cancer, Diagnosis, Analog pain scale, Transrectal prostate biopsy.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anesthesia, Local*
  • Humans
  • Image-Guided Biopsy / adverse effects
  • Image-Guided Biopsy / methods
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pain / etiology*
  • Pain Measurement*
  • Prostate / diagnostic imaging
  • Prostate / pathology*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Rectum
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Ultrasonography, Interventional
  • Urologic Surgical Procedures / adverse effects