Neurospora importin α is required for normal heterochromatic formation and DNA methylation

PLoS Genet. 2015 Mar 20;11(3):e1005083. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005083. eCollection 2015 Mar.

Abstract

Heterochromatin and associated gene silencing processes play roles in development, genome defense, and chromosome function. In many species, constitutive heterochromatin is decorated with histone H3 tri-methylated at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) and cytosine methylation. In Neurospora crassa, a five-protein complex, DCDC, catalyzes H3K9 methylation, which then directs DNA methylation. Here, we identify and characterize a gene important for DCDC function, dim-3 (defective in methylation-3), which encodes the nuclear import chaperone NUP-6 (Importin α). The critical mutation in dim-3 results in a substitution in an ARM repeat of NUP-6 and causes a substantial loss of H3K9me3 and DNA methylation. Surprisingly, nuclear transport of all known proteins involved in histone and DNA methylation, as well as a canonical transport substrate, appear normal in dim-3 strains. Interactions between DCDC members also appear normal, but the nup-6(dim-3) allele causes the DCDC members DIM-5 and DIM-7 to mislocalize from heterochromatin and NUP-6dim-3 itself is mislocalized from the nuclear envelope, at least in conidia. GCN-5, a member of the SAGA histone acetyltransferase complex, also shows altered localization in dim-3, raising the possibility that NUP-6 is necessary to localize multiple chromatin complexes following nucleocytoplasmic transport.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Cytosine / metabolism
  • DNA Methylation / genetics*
  • Fungal Proteins / genetics*
  • Gene Silencing
  • Heterochromatin / genetics*
  • Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / genetics*
  • Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / metabolism
  • Histones / genetics
  • Histones / metabolism
  • Lysine / genetics
  • Lysine / metabolism
  • Mutation
  • Neurospora crassa / genetics
  • alpha Karyopherins / genetics*
  • alpha Karyopherins / metabolism

Substances

  • Fungal Proteins
  • Heterochromatin
  • Histones
  • alpha Karyopherins
  • Cytosine
  • Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
  • Lysine

Associated data

  • GEO/GSE61173
  • GEO/GSE61174
  • GEO/GSE61175