3-methyl-2-phenyl-1-substituted-indole derivatives as indomethacin analogs: design, synthesis and biological evaluation as potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents

J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2016;31(2):318-24. doi: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1022174. Epub 2015 Mar 23.

Abstract

In a new group of 3-methyl-2-phenyl-1-substituted-indole derivatives (10a-f), the indomethacin analogs were prepared via the Fisher indole synthesis reaction of propiophenone with appropriately substituted phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. This is followed by the insertion of the appropriate benzyl or benzoyl fragment. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory (in vitro and in vivo) and analgesic activities. The methanesulphonyl derivatives 10d, e and f showed the highest anti-inflammatory (in vitro and in vivo) and analgesic activities. In addition, molecular docking studies were performed on compounds 10a-f and the results were in agreement with that obtained from the in vitro COX inhibition assays. The significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities exhibited by 10d and 10e warrant continued preclinical development as potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; cyclooxygenase; indomethacin; molecular modeling.

MeSH terms

  • Analgesics / chemical synthesis
  • Analgesics / chemistry*
  • Analgesics / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemistry*
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology*
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic
  • Cyclooxygenase 1 / chemistry
  • Cyclooxygenase 1 / metabolism
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / chemistry
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / methods
  • Indoles / chemistry*
  • Indomethacin / analogs & derivatives
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Mice
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Analgesics
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
  • Indoles
  • Cyclooxygenase 1
  • Cyclooxygenase 2
  • Indomethacin