A step towards mobile arsenic measurement for surface waters

Analyst. 2015 Apr 21;140(8):2644-55. doi: 10.1039/c4an02368d. Epub 2015 Mar 4.

Abstract

Surface modified quantum dots (QDs) are studied using a bio-inspired cysteine rich ligand (glutathione, GSH) and their quenching response and selectivity to arsenic examined. As predicted from As(3+) binding with highly crosslinked phytochelatin-(PCn)-like molecules, better arsenic selectivity is obtained for a thicker more 3-dimensional GSH surface layer, with exposed sulfhydryl groups. A detection limit of at least 10 μM can be achieved using CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs capped with this GSH structure. The system is also demonstrated using a mobile phone camera to record the measurement, producing a detection limit of 5 μM. However, copper remains the main interferent of concern. Water-soluble CdTe QDs show little sensitivity to As(3+) even with a GSH surface, but they remain sensitive to Cu(2+), allowing a copper baseline to be established from the CdTe measurement. Despite anticipating that spectrally non overlapping fluorescence would be required from the two types of QDs to achieve this, a method is demonstrated using RGB channels from a mobile phone and processing the raw data for CdTe QDs, with an emission wavelength of 600 nm, and CdSe/ZnS QDs, with emission maximum of 630 nm. It is shown that As(3+) measurement remains feasible at the WHO guideline value of 10 μg L(-1) up to a copper concentration of around 0.3 μM Cu(2+), which corresponds to the highest recorded level in a selection of large rivers world-wide.

MeSH terms

  • Arsenic / analysis*
  • Arsenic / chemistry
  • Biosensing Techniques / methods*
  • Calibration
  • Glutathione / chemistry
  • Ligands
  • Limit of Detection
  • Peptides / chemistry
  • Quantum Dots / chemistry
  • Solubility
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Water / chemistry*

Substances

  • Ligands
  • Peptides
  • Water
  • Glutathione
  • Arsenic