Many paediatric patients with haemophilia who might benefit from radiosynovectomy (RS) for the control of synovitis do not undergo the procedure as there is controversy in the literature regarding the safety of radiation exposure after two cases of acute lymphocytic leukaemia in children with haemophilia treated with (32) P RS were reported. The purpose of this review was to analyse the safety of RS in paediatric patients with haemophilia and provide a risk-benefit assessment, which practitioners could apply to their patients. Children undergoing knee RS receive a radiation dose of approximately 0.74 mSv (90 megabecquerels-MBq) and elbow and ankle RSs a dose of approximately 0.32 mSv (30-40 MBq). The radiation dose from natural sources is approximately 2 mSv and the recommended limit for patients (apart from natural sources) is 1 mSv per year. The lifetime cancer risk increases about 0.5% per 100 mSv per year. Considering the risks and benefits of RS, the authors recommend that clinicians consider this procedure in children with inhibitors or in patients without inhibitors when bleeding is recurrent and persistent despite aggressive factor replacement.
Keywords: children; haemophilia; radiation exposure; radiosynovectomy; synovitis.
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.