Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on rotavirus replication and gene expressions of RIG-I signalling molecule in porcine rotavirus-infected IPEC-J2 cells

Arch Anim Nutr. 2015;69(3):227-35. doi: 10.1080/1745039X.2015.1034522. Epub 2015 Apr 21.

Abstract

The study evaluated whether a 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) supplementation decreases the replication of rotavirus by the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signalling pathway in a porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). The results show that IPEC-J2 cells express high baseline levels of 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), which converts inactive 25D3 to the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3). Porcine rotavirus (PRV) infection alone resulted in a significant increase in CYP27B1 mRNA, which augmented the production of active vitamin D. Physiological concentrations of 25D3 were found to decrease PRV replication in IPEC-J2 cells. RIG-I plays an important role in the recognition of double-stranded RNA virus by host cells. Upon recognition, RIG-I triggers a series of signalling molecules such as interferon-β (IFN-β) promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1) leading to the expression of type I interferons (IFN-β). Active 25D3 that was generated by PRV-infected IPEC-J2 cells led to an increased expression of toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3), RIG-I, IPS-1, IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes 15 (ISG15) with important innate immune functions. Inhibiting CYP27B1 also failed to increase RIG-I, IPS-1, IFN-β and ISG15 mRNA expression. These observations suggest that 25D3 can directly inhibit PRV in IPEC-J2 cells, which requires this active form of vitamin D. The anti-rotavirus effect of 25D3 is mediated at least in part by RIG-I signalling pathways in IPEC-J2 cells.

Keywords: epithelium; gene expression; pigs; rotavirus; small intestine; vitamin D.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Calcifediol / pharmacology*
  • Cell Line / drug effects
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
  • Intestinal Mucosa / virology*
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • RNA, Messenger / analysis
  • Receptors, Retinoic Acid / genetics
  • Rotavirus / genetics
  • Rotavirus / physiology*
  • Rotavirus Infections / veterinary*
  • Rotavirus Infections / virology
  • Swine
  • Swine Diseases / virology*
  • Virus Replication

Substances

  • RNA, Messenger
  • Receptors, Retinoic Acid
  • Calcifediol