Abstract
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a known cause of fever of unknown origin. It is characterized by a triad of symptoms: spiking fever (>39°C), salmon-colored rash and arthritis/arthralgia. On a predisposing genetic background, several conditions may act as trigger for disease and among these, infectious agents are the most important. Nowadays, a dichotomous view of AOSD has been introduced which distinguishes this entity in two subsets according to the clinical features and laboratory aspects: systemic or articular. As AOSD is a diagnosis of exclusion, specific biomarkers able to facilitate differential diagnosis are needed. A number of possible biomarkers have been proposed that will be discussed in detail in this review: ferritin, IL-18, procalcitonin, s100 proteins and sCD163.
Keywords:
AOSD; CD163; adult-onset Still’s disease; ferritin; interleukin-18; procalcitonin; s100A12; s100A8/9.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antigens, CD / metabolism
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Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / metabolism
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Arthritis / complications
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Arthritis / diagnosis*
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Biomarkers / metabolism
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Calcitonin / metabolism
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Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Exanthema / complications
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Exanthema / diagnosis*
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Ferritins / metabolism
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Fever / complications
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Fever / diagnosis*
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Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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Humans
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Infections / complications
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Infections / diagnosis*
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Interleukin-18 / metabolism
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Protein Precursors / metabolism
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Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism
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S100 Proteins / metabolism
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Still's Disease, Adult-Onset / complications
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Still's Disease, Adult-Onset / diagnosis*
Substances
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Antigens, CD
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Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic
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Biomarkers
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CALCA protein, human
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CD163 antigen
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Interleukin-18
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Protein Precursors
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Receptors, Cell Surface
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S100 Proteins
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Calcitonin
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Ferritins
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Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide