From May 1984 to 1987, 19 patients of cerebral glioma were treated by internal carotid intra-arterial BCNU perfusion. Trans-carotid artery or transfemoral catheterization were performed in these patients. The single dosage was 100 mg/m2 and repeated every 4-6 weeks. 12 patients received more than two courses of perfusion and had follow-up study. Previously partial resection of the tumor underwent in 10 cases and also receiving radiation therapy in 6 of them. The remaining 2 patients only biopsy were performed. There was no mortality. But severe complications occurred in two patients, one loss of vision on the injected side and the other contralateral hemiplegia. The result of chemotherapy were defined as "complete response" in two patients, "partial response" in five, "no change" in three and deterioration of disease in two. The authors concluded that internal carotid intra-arterial BCNU chemotherapy is effective, my be used as an adjunctive treatment of cerebral gliomas.