Discovery of 1-{4-[3-fluoro-4-((3s,6r)-3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-6-phenyl-[1,2]thiazinan-2-ylmethyl)-phenyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone (GNE-3500): a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor C (RORc or RORγ) inverse agonist

J Med Chem. 2015 Jul 9;58(13):5308-22. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00597. Epub 2015 Jun 23.

Abstract

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor C (RORc, RORγ, or NR1F3) is a nuclear receptor that plays a major role in the production of interleukin (IL)-17. Considerable efforts have been directed toward the discovery of selective RORc inverse agonists as potential treatments of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Using the previously reported tertiary sulfonamide 1 as a starting point, we engineered structural modifications that significantly improved human and rat metabolic stabilities while maintaining a potent and highly selective RORc inverse agonist profile. The most advanced δ-sultam compound, GNE-3500 (27, 1-{4-[3-fluoro-4-((3S,6R)-3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-6-phenyl-[1,2]thiazinan-2-ylmethyl)-phenyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone), possessed favorable RORc cellular potency with 75-fold selectivity for RORc over other ROR family members and >200-fold selectivity over 25 additional nuclear receptors in a cell assay panel. The favorable potency, selectivity, in vitro ADME properties, in vivo PK, and dose-dependent inhibition of IL-17 in a PK/PD model support the evaluation of 27 in preclinical studies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Animals
  • Biological Availability
  • Cyclic S-Oxides / administration & dosage*
  • Cyclic S-Oxides / pharmacology*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Discovery*
  • Drug Inverse Agonism*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / cytology
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / drug effects*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Molecular Structure
  • Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / agonists*
  • Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / metabolism
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Rats
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Sulfonamides / chemistry*
  • Thiazines / administration & dosage*
  • Thiazines / pharmacology*

Substances

  • 1-(4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-6-phenyl(1,2)thiazinan-2-ylmethyl)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone
  • Cyclic S-Oxides
  • Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3
  • RORC protein, human
  • Sulfonamides
  • Thiazines
  • beta-sultam