An update of the ESC/ESA Guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management in patients with on-cardiac surgery was published in 2014.In general the role of thorough clinical evaluation has been strengthened and the routing use of additional technical and invasive diagnostics has been restricted. Medical management has largely been downgraded to class II recommendations and the use of beta blockers has been strongly restricted. New recommendations on dual anti-platelet therapy and NOAC's have been included.
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