Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with onset in childhood and early adolescence, and common persistence in adulthood. Both disorders are often undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and sometimes over diagnosed, leading to high rates of morbidity and disability. The differentiation of these conditions is based on their clinical features, comorbidity, psychiatric family history course of illness, and response to treatment. We review recent relevant findings and highlight epidemiological, clinical, family history, course, and treatment-response differences that can aid the differential diagnosis of these conditions in an outpatient pediatric setting.
MeSH terms
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Adolescent
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Affect
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Aggression
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Antidepressive Agents / therapeutic use
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Antipsychotic Agents / therapeutic use
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / diagnosis*
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / drug therapy
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / epidemiology*
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / psychology
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Bipolar Disorder / diagnosis*
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Bipolar Disorder / drug therapy
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Bipolar Disorder / epidemiology*
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Bipolar Disorder / psychology
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Central Nervous System Stimulants / therapeutic use
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Child
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Circadian Rhythm
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Comorbidity
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Disabled Children
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Humans
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Learning
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders / diagnosis
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders / epidemiology
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Persons with Mental Disabilities
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Psychotic Disorders / diagnosis
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Psychotic Disorders / epidemiology
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Sleep
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Suicidal Ideation
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Treatment Outcome
Substances
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Antidepressive Agents
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Antipsychotic Agents
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Central Nervous System Stimulants