Abstract
The microbiota plays a key role in regulating the innate and adaptive immune system. Herein, we review the immunological aspects of the microbiota in tumor immunity in mice and man, with a focus on toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, vaccines, checkpoint modulators, chemotherapy, and adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) therapies. We propose innovative treatments that may safely harness the microbiota to enhance T cell-based therapies in cancer patients. Finally, we highlight recent developments in tumor immunotherapy, particularly novel ways to modulate the microbiome and memory T cell responses to human malignancies.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adaptive Immunity
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Animals
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Bacterial Toxins / immunology
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Cancer Vaccines / immunology
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Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
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Cytokines / metabolism
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate
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Immunomodulation
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Immunotherapy* / methods
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Immunotherapy, Adoptive
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Lymphocyte Depletion
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Microbiota / drug effects
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Microbiota / immunology*
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Neoplasms / genetics
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Neoplasms / immunology*
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Neoplasms / metabolism
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Neoplasms / pathology
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Neoplasms / therapy*
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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Toll-Like Receptors / genetics
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Toll-Like Receptors / metabolism
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Whole-Body Irradiation
Substances
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Bacterial Toxins
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Cancer Vaccines
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Cytokines
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Toll-Like Receptors