The effect of mechanical bowel preparation on anastomotic leaks in elective left-sided colorectal resections

Am J Surg. 2015 Nov;210(5):793-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.03.030. Epub 2015 Jun 3.

Abstract

Background: Routine preoperative mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) for left-sided colorectal resections remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the association between MBP and 30-day anastomotic leaks.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2011 to 2012. Multiple imputation was used for missing data, and a multivariable logistic regression was performed to adjust for clinically relevant variables. A propensity score-adjusted model was performed as a sensitivity analysis.

Results: A total of 2,581 patients (57%) received preoperative MBP, whereas 1,935 (43%) did not. The 30-day anastomotic leak rate with and without preoperative MBP was 3.1% and 5.1%, respectively. After covariate adjustment, MBP omission was significantly associated with a 40% increased odds of 30-day anastomotic leaks (odds ratio 1.41, P = .04, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.93).

Conclusions: MBP omission was associated with a higher rate of 30-day anastomotic leaks. A large, well-designed, randomized controlled trial is needed to further evaluate this relationship.

Keywords: Anastomotic leaks; Bowel preparation; Colorectal surgery.

MeSH terms

  • Anastomosis, Surgical*
  • Anastomotic Leak / etiology*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects
  • Cohort Studies
  • Colectomy
  • Colon / surgery*
  • Elective Surgical Procedures
  • Female
  • Glucocorticoids / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Preoperative Care*
  • Propensity Score
  • Rectum / surgery*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Surgical Stomas
  • Surgical Wound Infection / prevention & control
  • Therapeutic Irrigation / adverse effects*
  • Therapeutic Irrigation / methods

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Glucocorticoids