Precise graphene patterning is of critical importance for tailor-made and sophisticated two-dimensional nanoelectronic and optical devices. However, graphene-based heterostructures have been grown by delicate multistep chemical vapor deposition methods, limiting preparation of versatile heterostructures. Here, we report one-pot synthesis of graphene/amorphous carbon (a-C) heterostructures from a solid source of polystyrene via selective photo-cross-linking process. Graphene is successfully grown from neat polystyrene regions, while patterned cross-linked polystyrene regions turn into a-C because of a large difference in their thermal stability. Since the electrical resistance of a-C is at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than that for graphene, the charge transport in graphene/a-C heterostructure occurs through the graphene region. Measurement of the quantum Hall effect in graphene/a-C lateral heterostructures clearly confirms the reliable quality of graphene and well-defined graphene/a-C interface. The direct synthesis of patterned graphene from polymer pattern could be further exploited to prepare versatile heterostructures.
Keywords: amorphous carbon; bottom-up growth; graphene; graphene growth from polymer; graphene-based heterostructure.