CdS synthesis by plasma-enhanced microwave physical vapor transport (PMPVT) has been developed in this work. The photoluminescence (PL), absorbance, Raman spectra and the mechanism of CdS crystal growth have been investigated. Furthermore, plasma-enhanced microwave chemical vapour transport (PMCVT) synthesis of CdS with additional chemical transport agents has been explored. In addition, other II-VI chalcogenides were also synthesized by PMPVT.