Toroidal grating astigmatism of high-harmonics characterized by EUV Hartmann sensor

Opt Express. 2015 Jun 15;23(12):15310-5. doi: 10.1364/OE.23.015310.

Abstract

The beam transport of single high-order harmonics in a monochromator arrangement is studied. A toroidal grating combines spectral filtering and focusing in order to produce a small individual spot for each harmonic. Here, the effect of small deviations from perfect alignment is investigated. Experimentally, a Hartmann sensor monitors the EUV wavefront while the grating is subjected to an online alignment procedure. The obtained results are confirmed by a simple theoretical description employing optical matrix methods.